logicaffeine_language/

transpile.rs

//! Transpilation from AST to first-order logic notation.
//!
//! This module converts the internal AST representation to human-readable
//! logical formulas in various output formats.
//!
//! ## Output Formats
//!
//! | Format | Example | Use Case |
//! |--------|---------|----------|
//! | **Unicode** | ∀x(Cat(x) → Sleeps(x)) | Terminal display |
//! | **LaTeX** | `\forall x(Cat(x) \to Sleeps(x))` | Academic papers |
//! | **ASCII** | `Ax(Cat(x) -> Sleeps(x))` | Plain text |
//! | **Kripke** | `□(P) @w0` | Modal logic diagrams |
//!
//! ## Neo-Davidsonian Events
//!
//! Verb semantics use event variables following Davidson's event semantics:
//!
//! ```text
//! "John loves Mary"
//! → ∃e(Love(e) ∧ Agent(e, john) ∧ Theme(e, mary))
//! ```
//!
//! This representation enables reasoning about event modification,
//! aspect, and temporal relations.

use std::fmt::Write;

use crate::ast::{LogicExpr, NounPhrase, Term, QuantifierKind};
use crate::ast::logic::NumberKind;
use crate::formatter::{KripkeFormatter, LatexFormatter, LogicFormatter, SimpleFOLFormatter, UnicodeFormatter};
use logicaffeine_base::{Interner, Symbol};
use crate::registry::SymbolRegistry;
use crate::token::TokenType;
use crate::{OutputFormat, TranspileContext};

/// Collect event variables from NeoEvents with suppress_existential=true
/// Returns unique event variables (coordinated weather verbs share the same var)
fn collect_suppress_existential_events<'a>(expr: &LogicExpr<'a>) -> Vec<Symbol> {
    let mut events = Vec::new();
    collect_suppress_existential_events_inner(expr, &mut events);
    // Deduplicate - coordinated weather verbs share the same event variable
    // Symbol is Copy so we can use a simple O(n^2) dedup
    let mut unique = Vec::new();
    for e in events {
        if !unique.iter().any(|x| *x == e) {
            unique.push(e);
        }
    }
    unique
}

fn collect_suppress_existential_events_inner<'a>(expr: &LogicExpr<'a>, events: &mut Vec<Symbol>) {
    match expr {
        LogicExpr::NeoEvent(data) => {
            if data.suppress_existential {
                events.push(data.event_var);
            }
        }
        LogicExpr::BinaryOp { left, right, .. } => {
            collect_suppress_existential_events_inner(left, events);
            collect_suppress_existential_events_inner(right, events);
        }
        LogicExpr::UnaryOp { operand, .. } => {
            collect_suppress_existential_events_inner(operand, events);
        }
        LogicExpr::Temporal { body, .. } => {
            collect_suppress_existential_events_inner(body, events);
        }
        LogicExpr::TemporalBinary { left, right, .. } => {
            collect_suppress_existential_events_inner(left, events);
            collect_suppress_existential_events_inner(right, events);
        }
        LogicExpr::Aspectual { body, .. } => {
            collect_suppress_existential_events_inner(body, events);
        }
        LogicExpr::Modal { operand, .. } => {
            collect_suppress_existential_events_inner(operand, events);
        }
        _ => {}
    }
}

/// Capitalizes the first character of a string.
///
/// Used for predicate names in logic output (e.g., "cat" → "Cat").
pub fn capitalize_first(s: &str) -> String {
    let mut chars = s.chars();
    match chars.next() {
        None => String::new(),
        Some(c) => c.to_uppercase().collect::<String>() + chars.as_str(),
    }
}

fn write_capitalized<W: Write>(w: &mut W, s: &str) -> std::fmt::Result {
    let mut chars = s.chars();
    match chars.next() {
        None => Ok(()),
        Some(c) => {
            for uc in c.to_uppercase() {
                write!(w, "{}", uc)?;
            }
            write!(w, "{}", chars.as_str())
        }
    }
}

impl<'a> NounPhrase<'a> {
    /// Converts the noun phrase to a short logic symbol (e.g., "C" for "cat").
    pub fn to_symbol(&self, registry: &mut SymbolRegistry, interner: &Interner) -> String {
        registry.get_symbol(self.noun, interner)
    }

    /// Converts the noun phrase to a full logic symbol (e.g., "Cat" for "cat").
    pub fn to_symbol_full(&self, registry: &SymbolRegistry, interner: &Interner) -> String {
        registry.get_symbol_full(self.noun, interner)
    }
}

impl<'a> Term<'a> {
    /// Writes the term to a writer using abbreviated symbols.
    pub fn write_to<W: Write>(
        &self,
        w: &mut W,
        registry: &mut SymbolRegistry,
        interner: &Interner,
    ) -> std::fmt::Result {
        self.write_to_inner(w, registry, interner, false)
    }

    /// Writes the term to a writer using full (unabbreviated) symbols.
    pub fn write_to_full<W: Write>(
        &self,
        w: &mut W,
        registry: &mut SymbolRegistry,
        interner: &Interner,
    ) -> std::fmt::Result {
        self.write_to_inner(w, registry, interner, true)
    }

    /// Writes the term preserving original case (for code generation).
    pub fn write_to_raw<W: Write>(
        &self,
        w: &mut W,
        interner: &Interner,
    ) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Term::Constant(name) | Term::Variable(name) => {
                write!(w, "{}", interner.resolve(*name))
            }
            Term::Function(name, args) => {
                write!(w, "{}(", interner.resolve(*name))?;
                for (i, arg) in args.iter().enumerate() {
                    if i > 0 {
                        write!(w, ", ")?;
                    }
                    arg.write_to_raw(w, interner)?;
                }
                write!(w, ")")
            }
            Term::Group(members) => {
                write!(w, "(")?;
                for (i, m) in members.iter().enumerate() {
                    if i > 0 {
                        write!(w, ", ")?;
                    }
                    m.write_to_raw(w, interner)?;
                }
                write!(w, ")")
            }
            Term::Possessed { possessor, possessed } => {
                possessor.write_to_raw(w, interner)?;
                write!(w, ".{}", interner.resolve(*possessed))
            }
            Term::Value { kind, .. } => match kind {
                NumberKind::Integer(n) => write!(w, "{}", n),
                NumberKind::Real(f) => write!(w, "{}", f),
                NumberKind::Symbolic(s) => write!(w, "{}", interner.resolve(*s)),
            }
            Term::Sigma(predicate) => write!(w, "σ({})", interner.resolve(*predicate)),
            Term::Intension(predicate) => write!(w, "^{}", interner.resolve(*predicate)),
            Term::Kind(kind) => write!(w, "^{}", interner.resolve(*kind)),
            Term::Proposition(expr) => write!(w, "[proposition]"),
        }
    }

    fn write_to_inner<W: Write>(
        &self,
        w: &mut W,
        registry: &mut SymbolRegistry,
        interner: &Interner,
        use_full_names: bool,
    ) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Term::Constant(name) => {
                if use_full_names {
                    write!(w, "{}", registry.get_symbol_full(*name, interner))
                } else {
                    write!(w, "{}", registry.get_symbol(*name, interner))
                }
            }
            Term::Variable(name) => write!(w, "{}", interner.resolve(*name)),
            Term::Function(name, args) => {
                let fn_name = if use_full_names {
                    registry.get_symbol_full(*name, interner)
                } else {
                    registry.get_symbol(*name, interner)
                };
                write!(w, "{}(", fn_name)?;
                for (i, arg) in args.iter().enumerate() {
                    if i > 0 {
                        write!(w, ", ")?;
                    }
                    arg.write_to_inner(w, registry, interner, use_full_names)?;
                }
                write!(w, ")")
            }
            Term::Group(members) => {
                for (i, m) in members.iter().enumerate() {
                    if i > 0 {
                        write!(w, " ⊕ ")?;
                    }
                    m.write_to_inner(w, registry, interner, use_full_names)?;
                }
                Ok(())
            }
            Term::Possessed { possessor, possessed } => {
                let poss_name = if use_full_names {
                    registry.get_symbol_full(*possessed, interner)
                } else {
                    registry.get_symbol(*possessed, interner)
                };
                write!(w, "Poss(")?;
                possessor.write_to_inner(w, registry, interner, use_full_names)?;
                write!(w, ", {})", poss_name)
            }
            Term::Sigma(predicate) => {
                let pred_name = if use_full_names {
                    registry.get_symbol_full(*predicate, interner)
                } else {
                    registry.get_symbol(*predicate, interner)
                };
                write!(w, "σ{}", pred_name)
            }
            Term::Intension(predicate) => {
                // Use full word for intensional terms, not abbreviated symbol
                let word = interner.resolve(*predicate);
                let capitalized = word.chars().next()
                    .map(|c| c.to_uppercase().collect::<String>() + &word[1..])
                    .unwrap_or_default();
                write!(w, "^{}", capitalized)
            }
            Term::Kind(kind) => {
                // Kind terms render with the full word, like intensions: ^Tooth.
                let word = interner.resolve(*kind);
                let capitalized = word.chars().next()
                    .map(|c| c.to_uppercase().collect::<String>() + &word[1..])
                    .unwrap_or_default();
                write!(w, "^{}", capitalized)
            }
            Term::Proposition(expr) => {
                write!(w, "[")?;
                expr.write_logic(w, registry, interner, &UnicodeFormatter)?;
                write!(w, "]")
            }
            Term::Value { kind, unit, dimension: _ } => {
                use crate::ast::NumberKind;
                match kind {
                    NumberKind::Real(r) => write!(w, "{}", r)?,
                    NumberKind::Integer(i) => write!(w, "{}", i)?,
                    NumberKind::Symbolic(s) => write!(w, "{}", interner.resolve(*s))?,
                }
                if let Some(u) = unit {
                    write!(w, " {}", interner.resolve(*u))?;
                }
                Ok(())
            }
        }
    }

    /// Transpiles the term to a logic formula string.
    pub fn transpile(&self, registry: &mut SymbolRegistry, interner: &Interner) -> String {
        let mut buf = String::new();
        let _ = self.write_to(&mut buf, registry, interner);
        buf
    }
}

/// Extracts top-level conjuncts from a discourse (sentences combined with AND).
/// Returns a vector of individual sentence expressions.
fn collect_discourse_conjuncts<'a>(expr: &'a LogicExpr<'a>) -> Vec<&'a LogicExpr<'a>> {
    let mut conjuncts = Vec::new();
    collect_discourse_conjuncts_inner(expr, &mut conjuncts);
    conjuncts
}

fn collect_discourse_conjuncts_inner<'a>(expr: &'a LogicExpr<'a>, conjuncts: &mut Vec<&'a LogicExpr<'a>>) {
    match expr {
        LogicExpr::BinaryOp { left, op: TokenType::And, right } => {
            // Recursively collect from both sides
            collect_discourse_conjuncts_inner(left, conjuncts);
            collect_discourse_conjuncts_inner(right, conjuncts);
        }
        _ => {
            // This is a leaf sentence (not a top-level conjunction)
            conjuncts.push(expr);
        }
    }
}

impl<'a> LogicExpr<'a> {
    /// Transpile a discourse (multiple sentences) as numbered formulas.
    /// If the expression is a top-level conjunction of sentences, formats as:
    /// ```text
    /// 1) formula1
    /// 2) formula2
    /// 3) formula3
    /// ```
    /// If it's a single sentence, just returns the formula without numbering.
    pub fn transpile_discourse(
        &self,
        registry: &mut SymbolRegistry,
        interner: &Interner,
        format: OutputFormat,
    ) -> String {
        let conjuncts = collect_discourse_conjuncts(self);

        if conjuncts.len() <= 1 {
            // Single sentence - no numbering needed
            return self.transpile(registry, interner, format);
        }

        // Multiple sentences - format as numbered list
        let mut result = String::new();
        for (i, conjunct) in conjuncts.iter().enumerate() {
            if i > 0 {
                result.push('\n');
            }
            let formula = conjunct.transpile(registry, interner, format);
            result.push_str(&format!("{}) {}", i + 1, formula));
        }
        result
    }

    pub fn write_logic<W: Write, F: LogicFormatter>(
        &self,
        w: &mut W,
        registry: &mut SymbolRegistry,
        interner: &Interner,
        fmt: &F,
    ) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            LogicExpr::Predicate { name, args, world } => {
                let pred_name = if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    registry.get_symbol_full(*name, interner)
                } else {
                    registry.get_symbol(*name, interner)
                };

                // If formatter wants world arguments and we have one, append it
                if fmt.include_world_arguments() {
                    if let Some(w_sym) = world {
                        // Build extended args with world variable appended
                        let mut extended: Vec<Term> = args.to_vec();
                        extended.push(Term::Variable(*w_sym));
                        return fmt.write_predicate(w, &pred_name, &extended, registry, interner);
                    }
                }
                fmt.write_predicate(w, &pred_name, args, registry, interner)
            }

            LogicExpr::Identity { left, right } => {
                if fmt.wrap_identity() {
                    write!(w, "(")?;
                }
                if fmt.preserve_case() {
                    left.write_to_raw(w, interner)?;
                } else if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    left.write_to_full(w, registry, interner)?;
                } else {
                    left.write_to(w, registry, interner)?;
                }
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.identity())?;
                if fmt.preserve_case() {
                    right.write_to_raw(w, interner)?;
                } else if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    right.write_to_full(w, registry, interner)?;
                } else {
                    right.write_to(w, registry, interner)?;
                }
                if fmt.wrap_identity() {
                    write!(w, ")")?;
                }
                Ok(())
            }

            LogicExpr::Metaphor { tenor, vehicle } => {
                write!(w, "Metaphor(")?;
                tenor.write_to(w, registry, interner)?;
                write!(w, ", ")?;
                vehicle.write_to(w, registry, interner)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::Quantifier { kind, variable, body, .. } => {
                let var_str = interner.resolve(*variable);

                // In SimpleFOL mode, skip event quantifiers (variables named "e" or starting with "e" followed by digits)
                if fmt.use_simple_events() && (var_str == "e" || var_str.starts_with("e") && var_str[1..].chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit())) {
                    return body.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt);
                }

                let mut body_buf = String::new();
                body.write_logic(&mut body_buf, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.quantifier(kind, var_str, &body_buf))
            }

            LogicExpr::Categorical(data) => {
                let s = if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    fmt.sanitize(&data.subject.to_symbol_full(registry, interner))
                } else {
                    fmt.sanitize(&data.subject.to_symbol(registry, interner))
                };
                let p = if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    fmt.sanitize(&data.predicate.to_symbol_full(registry, interner))
                } else {
                    fmt.sanitize(&data.predicate.to_symbol(registry, interner))
                };
                match (&data.quantifier, data.copula_negative) {
                    (TokenType::All, false) => write!(w, "{} {} is {}", fmt.categorical_all(), s, p),
                    (TokenType::No, false) => write!(w, "{} {} is {}", fmt.categorical_no(), s, p),
                    (TokenType::Some, false) => write!(w, "{} {} is {}", fmt.categorical_some(), s, p),
                    (TokenType::Some, true) => write!(w, "{} {} is {} {}", fmt.categorical_some(), s, fmt.categorical_not(), p),
                    (TokenType::All, true) => write!(w, "{} {} is {} {}", fmt.categorical_some(), s, fmt.categorical_not(), p),
                    _ => write!(w, "Invalid Syllogism"),
                }
            }

            LogicExpr::Relation(data) => {
                let s = if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    data.subject.to_symbol_full(registry, interner)
                } else {
                    data.subject.to_symbol(registry, interner)
                };
                let v = if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    fmt.sanitize(&registry.get_symbol_full(data.verb, interner))
                } else {
                    fmt.sanitize(&registry.get_symbol(data.verb, interner))
                };
                let o = if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    data.object.to_symbol_full(registry, interner)
                } else {
                    data.object.to_symbol(registry, interner)
                };
                write!(w, "{}({}, {})", v, s, o)
            }

            LogicExpr::Modal { vector, operand } => {
                let mut o = String::new();
                operand.write_logic(&mut o, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                // An evidential renders by its evidence source (the Kratzer
                // modal base): Seem(⟨Happy(John)⟩) — never as a bare □/◇,
                // since the complement is unasserted in every notation.
                if vector.flavor == crate::ast::ModalFlavor::Evidential {
                    let source = match vector.modal_base {
                        Some(base) if fmt.use_full_names() => {
                            registry.get_symbol_full(base, interner)
                        }
                        Some(base) => registry.get_symbol(base, interner),
                        None => "Seem".to_string(),
                    };
                    return write!(w, "{}([{}])", source, o);
                }
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.modal(vector.domain, vector.force, &o))
            }

            LogicExpr::BinaryOp { left, op, right } => {
                let mut l = String::new();
                let mut r = String::new();
                left.write_logic(&mut l, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                right.write_logic(&mut r, registry, interner, fmt)?;

                // For conditionals (If), check if there are suppress_existential events
                // that need universal quantification (DRS semantics for generic conditionals)
                if matches!(op, TokenType::If | TokenType::Implies) {
                    let events = collect_suppress_existential_events(self);
                    if !events.is_empty() {
                        // Wrap with universal quantifiers for each event variable
                        let mut result = fmt.binary_op(op, &l, &r);
                        for event_var in events.into_iter().rev() {
                            let var_str = interner.resolve(event_var);
                            result = fmt.quantifier(&QuantifierKind::Universal, var_str, &result);
                        }
                        return write!(w, "{}", result);
                    }
                }

                write!(w, "{}", fmt.binary_op(op, &l, &r))
            }

            LogicExpr::UnaryOp { op, operand } => {
                let mut o = String::new();
                operand.write_logic(&mut o, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.unary_op(op, &o))
            }

            LogicExpr::Temporal { operator, body } => {
                let mut inner = String::new();
                body.write_logic(&mut inner, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.temporal(operator, &inner))
            }

            LogicExpr::TemporalBinary { operator, left, right } => {
                let mut l = String::new();
                let mut r = String::new();
                left.write_logic(&mut l, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                right.write_logic(&mut r, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.temporal_binary(operator, &l, &r))
            }

            LogicExpr::Aspectual { operator, body } => {
                let mut inner = String::new();
                body.write_logic(&mut inner, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.aspectual(operator, &inner))
            }

            LogicExpr::Voice { operator, body } => {
                let mut inner = String::new();
                body.write_logic(&mut inner, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.voice(operator, &inner))
            }

            LogicExpr::Question { wh_variable, body } => {
                let mut body_str = String::new();
                body.write_logic(&mut body_str, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.lambda(interner.resolve(*wh_variable), &body_str))
            }

            LogicExpr::YesNoQuestion { body } => {
                write!(w, "?")?;
                body.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)
            }

            LogicExpr::Atom(s) => {
                let name = if fmt.preserve_case() {
                    interner.resolve(*s).to_string()
                } else if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    registry.get_symbol_full(*s, interner)
                } else {
                    registry.get_symbol(*s, interner)
                };
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.sanitize(&name))
            }

            LogicExpr::Lambda { variable, body } => {
                let mut b = String::new();
                body.write_logic(&mut b, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.lambda(interner.resolve(*variable), &b))
            }

            LogicExpr::App { function, argument } => {
                write!(w, "(")?;
                function.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")(")?;
                argument.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::Intensional { operator, content } => {
                write!(w, "{}[", fmt.sanitize(&registry.get_symbol(*operator, interner)))?;
                content.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "]")
            }

            LogicExpr::Event { predicate, adverbs } => {
                let mut pred_str = String::new();
                predicate.write_logic(&mut pred_str, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                let adverb_preds: Vec<String> = adverbs
                    .iter()
                    .map(|a| format!("{}(e)", fmt.sanitize(&registry.get_symbol(*a, interner))))
                    .collect();
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.event_quantifier(&pred_str, &adverb_preds))
            }

            LogicExpr::NeoEvent(data) => {
                use crate::ast::{QuantifierKind, ThematicRole};

                if fmt.use_simple_events() {
                    write!(w, "{}", registry.get_symbol_full(data.verb, interner))?;
                    write!(w, "(")?;
                    let mut first = true;
                    let mut subject_term = None;
                    for (role, term) in data.roles.iter() {
                        // Include core thematic roles in SimpleFOL output
                        if matches!(role, ThematicRole::Agent | ThematicRole::Patient | ThematicRole::Theme | ThematicRole::Goal | ThematicRole::Location) {
                            if !first {
                                write!(w, ", ")?;
                            }
                            first = false;
                            term.write_to_full(w, registry, interner)?;
                            // The adverb reattaches to the agent (or the first core
                            // participant when there is no agent).
                            if subject_term.is_none() || matches!(role, ThematicRole::Agent) {
                                subject_term = Some(term);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    write!(w, ")")?;
                    // Flattening the event drops the ∃e binder, so an adverbial
                    // modifier `Loudly(e)` must reattach to the participant, or it is
                    // silently lost: ∃e(Bark(e) ∧ Agent(e,y) ∧ Loudly(e)) ⇒ Bark(y) ∧ Loudly(y).
                    for mod_sym in data.modifiers.iter() {
                        write!(w, " {} ", fmt.and())?;
                        write_capitalized(w, interner.resolve(*mod_sym))?;
                        write!(w, "(")?;
                        if let Some(term) = subject_term {
                            term.write_to_full(w, registry, interner)?;
                        }
                        write!(w, ")")?;
                    }
                    Ok(())
                } else {
                    let e = interner.resolve(data.event_var);
                    let mut body = String::new();

                    // Get world argument suffix if Kripke format
                    let world_suffix = if fmt.include_world_arguments() {
                        data.world.map(|w| format!(", {}", interner.resolve(w))).unwrap_or_default()
                    } else {
                        String::new()
                    };

                    write_capitalized(&mut body, interner.resolve(data.verb))?;
                    write!(body, "({}{})", e, world_suffix)?;
                    for (role, term) in data.roles.iter() {
                        let role_str = match role {
                            ThematicRole::Agent => "Agent",
                            ThematicRole::Patient => "Patient",
                            ThematicRole::Theme => "Theme",
                            ThematicRole::Recipient => "Recipient",
                            ThematicRole::Goal => "Goal",
                            ThematicRole::Source => "Source",
                            ThematicRole::Instrument => "Instrument",
                            ThematicRole::Location => "Location",
                            ThematicRole::Time => "Time",
                            ThematicRole::Manner => "Manner",
                            ThematicRole::Result => "Result",
                            ThematicRole::Depictive => "Depictive",
                        };
                        write!(body, " {} {}({}, ", fmt.and(), role_str, e)?;
                        if fmt.use_full_names() {
                            term.write_to_full(&mut body, registry, interner)?;
                        } else {
                            term.write_to(&mut body, registry, interner)?;
                        }
                        write!(body, "{})", world_suffix)?;
                    }
                    for mod_sym in data.modifiers.iter() {
                        write!(body, " {} ", fmt.and())?;
                        write_capitalized(&mut body, interner.resolve(*mod_sym))?;
                        write!(body, "({}{})", e, world_suffix)?;
                    }
                    if data.suppress_existential {
                        // Event var will be bound by outer ∀ from DRS (generic conditionals)
                        write!(w, "{}", body)
                    } else {
                        // Normal case: emit ∃e(...)
                        write!(w, "{}", fmt.quantifier(&QuantifierKind::Existential, e, &body))
                    }
                }
            }

            LogicExpr::Imperative { action } => {
                // Directive(hearer, ⟨action⟩) — the commanded action is the
                // content of an obligation on the addressee (§1.4), not an
                // asserted event. The addressee is the action's Agent role
                // (Addressee, or Us for hortative "let's").
                use crate::ast::ThematicRole;
                fn directive_agent<'b>(e: &'b LogicExpr<'b>) -> Option<&'b Term<'b>> {
                    match e {
                        LogicExpr::NeoEvent(data) => data
                            .roles
                            .iter()
                            .find(|(role, _)| matches!(role, ThematicRole::Agent))
                            .map(|(_, term)| term),
                        LogicExpr::UnaryOp { operand, .. } => directive_agent(operand),
                        LogicExpr::Quantifier { body, .. } => directive_agent(body),
                        LogicExpr::BinaryOp { left, .. } => directive_agent(left),
                        _ => None,
                    }
                }
                let mut addressee = String::new();
                match directive_agent(action) {
                    Some(t) if fmt.use_full_names() => {
                        t.write_to_full(&mut addressee, registry, interner)?
                    }
                    Some(t) => t.write_to(&mut addressee, registry, interner)?,
                    None => addressee.push_str("Addressee"),
                }
                let mut a = String::new();
                action.write_logic(&mut a, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "Directive({}, [{}])", addressee, a)
            }

            LogicExpr::Exclamative { degree_var, body } => {
                // Exclaim(∃d(body ∧ d ≫ θ)): a surprisingly-high degree.
                let d = interner.resolve(*degree_var);
                write!(w, "Exclaim(∃{}(", d)?;
                body.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, " {} {} ≫ θ))", fmt.and(), d)
            }

            LogicExpr::Optative { wish } => {
                // Wish(Speaker, ⟨wish⟩): the complement is not asserted.
                write!(w, "Wish(Speaker, ⟨")?;
                wish.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "⟩)")
            }

            LogicExpr::Implicature { assertion, implicature } => {
                // assertion +> Implicature(…): literal meaning, then the cancellable
                // scalar implicature (the defeasible part).
                assertion.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, " +> Implicature(")?;
                implicature.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::SpeechAct { performer, act_type, content } => {
                // Render the performer with its full name (e.g. Speaker), matching the
                // role constants used inside the content, rather than an abbreviation.
                write!(w, "SpeechAct({}, {}, ", interner.resolve(*act_type), fmt.sanitize(&registry.get_symbol_full(*performer, interner)))?;
                content.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::Counterfactual { antecedent, consequent } => {
                let mut a = String::new();
                let mut c = String::new();
                antecedent.write_logic(&mut a, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                consequent.write_logic(&mut c, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.counterfactual(&a, &c))
            }

            LogicExpr::Causal { effect, cause } => {
                write!(w, "Cause(")?;
                cause.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ", ")?;
                effect.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::Concessive { main, concession } => {
                // main ∧ Concessive(concession): the main holds despite the concession.
                main.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, " {} Concessive(", fmt.and())?;
                concession.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::Comparative { adjective, subject, object, difference, relation } => {
                use crate::ast::ComparisonRelation;
                // Equatives render as a max-degree at-least/equality comparison:
                // "John is as tall as Mary." → max{d:Tall(John,d)} ≥ max{d:Tall(Mary,d)}.
                if !matches!(relation, ComparisonRelation::Greater) {
                    let rel = if matches!(relation, ComparisonRelation::Equal) { "=" } else { "≥" };
                    let adj = interner.resolve(*adjective);
                    let mut s = String::new();
                    subject.write_to(&mut s, registry, interner)?;
                    let mut o = String::new();
                    object.write_to(&mut o, registry, interner)?;
                    let cap = adj.chars().next()
                        .map(|c| c.to_uppercase().collect::<String>() + &adj[1..])
                        .unwrap_or_default();
                    return write!(w, "max{{d:{}({},d)}} {} max{{d:{}({},d)}}", cap, s, rel, cap, o);
                }
                let adj = interner.resolve(*adjective);
                let mut subj_buf = String::new();
                if fmt.preserve_case() {
                    subject.write_to_raw(&mut subj_buf, interner)?;
                } else if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    subject.write_to_full(&mut subj_buf, registry, interner)?;
                } else {
                    subject.write_to(&mut subj_buf, registry, interner)?;
                }
                let mut obj_buf = String::new();
                if fmt.preserve_case() {
                    object.write_to_raw(&mut obj_buf, interner)?;
                } else if fmt.use_full_names() {
                    object.write_to_full(&mut obj_buf, registry, interner)?;
                } else {
                    object.write_to(&mut obj_buf, registry, interner)?;
                }
                let diff_str = if let Some(diff) = difference {
                    let mut diff_buf = String::new();
                    if fmt.preserve_case() {
                        diff.write_to_raw(&mut diff_buf, interner)?;
                    } else if fmt.use_full_names() {
                        diff.write_to_full(&mut diff_buf, registry, interner)?;
                    } else {
                        diff.write_to(&mut diff_buf, registry, interner)?;
                    }
                    Some(diff_buf)
                } else {
                    None
                };
                fmt.write_comparative(w, adj, &subj_buf, &obj_buf, diff_str.as_deref())
            }

            LogicExpr::Superlative { adjective, subject, domain } => {
                let mut s = String::new();
                subject.write_to(&mut s, registry, interner)?;
                let mut d = String::new();
                write_capitalized(&mut d, interner.resolve(*domain))?;
                let comp = format!("{}er", interner.resolve(*adjective));
                write!(w, "{}", fmt.superlative(&comp, &d, &s))
            }

            LogicExpr::Scopal { operator, body } => {
                write!(w, "{}(", interner.resolve(*operator))?;
                body.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::TemporalAnchor { anchor, body } => {
                write!(w, "{}(", interner.resolve(*anchor))?;
                body.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::Control { verb, subject, object, infinitive } => {
                write!(w, "{}(", fmt.sanitize(&registry.get_symbol(*verb, interner)))?;
                subject.write_to(w, registry, interner)?;
                if let Some(obj) = object {
                    write!(w, ", ")?;
                    obj.write_to(w, registry, interner)?;
                }
                write!(w, ", ")?;
                infinitive.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::Presupposition { assertion, presupposition } => {
                assertion.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, " [Presup: ")?;
                presupposition.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, "]")
            }

            LogicExpr::Focus { kind, focused, scope } => {
                use crate::token::FocusKind;
                let prefix = match kind {
                    FocusKind::Only => "Only",
                    FocusKind::Even => "Even",
                    FocusKind::Just => "Just",
                    FocusKind::Cleft => "Cleft",
                };
                write!(w, "{}(", prefix)?;
                focused.write_to(w, registry, interner)?;
                write!(w, ", ")?;
                scope.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;
                write!(w, ")")
            }

            LogicExpr::Distributive { predicate } => {
                write!(w, "*")?;
                predicate.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)
            }

            LogicExpr::GroupQuantifier { group_var, count, member_var, restriction, body } => {
                let g = interner.resolve(*group_var);
                let x = interner.resolve(*member_var);

                // ∃g(Group(g) ∧ Count(g,n) ∧ ∀x(Member(x,g) → restriction) ∧ body)
                write!(w, "{}{}(Group({}) {} Count({}, {}) {} {}{}(Member({}, {}) {} ",
                    fmt.existential(), g, g,
                    fmt.and(), g, count,
                    fmt.and(), fmt.universal(), x, x, g, fmt.implies())?;

                restriction.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;

                write!(w, ") {} ", fmt.and())?;

                body.write_logic(w, registry, interner, fmt)?;

                write!(w, ")")
            }
        }
    }

    /// Transpiles to a logic formula string using a custom formatter.
    pub fn transpile_with<F: LogicFormatter>(
        &self,
        registry: &mut SymbolRegistry,
        interner: &Interner,
        fmt: &F,
    ) -> String {
        let mut buf = String::new();
        let _ = self.write_logic(&mut buf, registry, interner, fmt);
        buf
    }

    /// Transpiles to a logic formula string in the specified output format.
    ///
    /// # Formats
    ///
    /// - [`OutputFormat::Unicode`]: ∀x(Cat(x) → Sleeps(x))
    /// - [`OutputFormat::LaTeX`]: `\forall x(Cat(x) \to Sleeps(x))`
    /// - [`OutputFormat::SimpleFOL`]: Ax(Cat(x) -> Sleeps(x))
    /// - [`OutputFormat::Kripke`]: □(P) @w0
    pub fn transpile(
        &self,
        registry: &mut SymbolRegistry,
        interner: &Interner,
        format: OutputFormat,
    ) -> String {
        match format {
            OutputFormat::Unicode => self.transpile_with(registry, interner, &UnicodeFormatter),
            OutputFormat::LaTeX => self.transpile_with(registry, interner, &LatexFormatter),
            OutputFormat::SimpleFOL => self.transpile_with(registry, interner, &SimpleFOLFormatter),
            OutputFormat::Kripke => self.transpile_with(registry, interner, &KripkeFormatter),
        }
    }

    /// Transpiles using a [`TranspileContext`] and custom formatter.
    pub fn transpile_ctx<F: LogicFormatter>(
        &self,
        ctx: &mut TranspileContext<'_>,
        fmt: &F,
    ) -> String {
        self.transpile_with(ctx.registry, ctx.interner, fmt)
    }

    /// Transpiles to Unicode format using a [`TranspileContext`].
    pub fn transpile_ctx_unicode(&self, ctx: &mut TranspileContext<'_>) -> String {
        self.transpile_ctx(ctx, &UnicodeFormatter)
    }

    /// Transpiles to LaTeX format using a [`TranspileContext`].
    pub fn transpile_ctx_latex(&self, ctx: &mut TranspileContext<'_>) -> String {
        self.transpile_ctx(ctx, &LatexFormatter)
    }
}