Expand description
IC3/PDR (Property-Directed Reachability)
The gold standard for unbounded safety verification (Bradley 2011).
Maintains frame sequence F_0, F_1, …, F_k where each frame over-approximates reachable states at step i. Converges when F_i = F_{i+1} (fixpoint = inductive invariant).
Core operations:
- Counterexample to Induction (CTI): Find state in F_i AND T AND NOT P
- Blocking: Add clause to prevent CTI state (generalized)
- Propagation: Push clauses forward through frames
- Convergence: Check if F_i == F_{i+1}
Enums§
- Ic3Result
- Result of IC3/PDR verification.